Atomic weights of the elements: Review 2000. Barium is the fifth element in group 2 and is a soft, silvery alkaline earth metal. Holmium is a relatively soft and malleable silvery-white metal. The most commonly used spontaneous fission neutron source is the radioactive isotope californium-252. Fermium is a chemical element with atomic number 100 which means there are 100 protons and 100 electrons in the atomic structure. The chemical symbol for Gallium is Ga. Gallium has similarities to the other metals of the group, aluminium, indium, and thallium. A freshly exposed surface of pure copper has a reddish-orange color. Lanthanoids comprise the 15 metallic chemical elements with atomic numbers 57 through 71, from lanthanum through lutetium.

It is a member of the chalcogen group on the periodic table, a highly reactive nonmetal, and an oxidizing agent that readily forms oxides with most elements as well as with other compounds. Mass numbers of typical isotopes of Arsenic are 75. The ninth member of the lanthanide series, terbium is a fairly electropositive metal that reacts with water, evolving hydrogen gas. © 2019 periodic-table.org / see also

The chemical symbol for Strontium is Sr. Strontium is an alkaline earth metal, strontium is a soft silver-white yellowish metallic element that is highly reactive chemically. The chemical symbol for Hafnium is Hf. (1969), Discoverer: Scientists at Dubna, Russia (1967)/Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (1970), Discoverer: Armbruster, Paula and Muenzenberg, Dr. Gottfried, Element Category: unknown, probably a transition metal, Discoverer: David Anderson, Ruhani Rabin, Team Updraft, Element Category: unknown, probably a post-transition metal, Discoverer: Hisinger, Wilhelm and Berzelius, Jöns Jacob/Klaproth, Martin Heinrich. Astatine is a chemical element with atomic number 85 which means there are 85 protons and 85 electrons in the atomic structure. Radon is a radioactive, colorless, odorless, tasteless noble gas.

Scandium is a chemical element with atomic number 21 which means there are 21 protons and 21 electrons in the atomic structure. Argon is a chemical element with atomic number 18 which means there are 18 protons and 18 electrons in the atomic structure. Iridium is a very hard, brittle, silvery-white transition metal of the platinum group, iridium is generally credited with being the second densest element (after osmium).

Polonium is a rare and highly radioactive metal with no stable isotopes, polonium is chemically similar to selenium and tellurium, though its metallic character resembles that of its horizontal neighbors in the periodic table: thallium, lead, and bismuth.

The chemical symbol for Beryllium is Be. All of its isotopes are radioactive. Yttrium is a chemical element with atomic number 39 which means there are 39 protons and 39 electrons in the atomic structure. Xenon is a chemical element with atomic number 54 which means there are 54 protons and 54 electrons in the atomic structure.

It is the eponym of the lanthanide series, a group of 15 similar elements between lanthanum and lutetium in the periodic table, of which lanthanum is the first and the prototype.

The atomic mass is carried by the atomic nucleus, which occupies only about 10-12 of the total volume of the atom or less, but it contains all the positive charge and at least 99.95% of the total mass of the atom. Heavy nuclei with an even number of protons and an even number of neutrons are (due to Pauli exclusion principle) very stable thanks to the occurrence of ‘paired spin’. It can be observed from the chart that there are more neutrons than protons in nuclides with Z greater than about 20 (Calcium).

Only about 5×10−8% of all matter in the universe is europium. The chemical symbol for Calcium is Ca. The chemical symbol for Carbon is C. It is nonmetallic and tetravalent—making four electrons available to form covalent chemical bonds. Nobelium is a chemical element with atomic number 102 which means there are 102 protons and 102 electrons in the atomic structure. Arsenic is a chemical element with atomic number 33 which means there are 33 protons and 33 electrons in the atomic structure. Carbon is one of the few elements known since antiquity. In nuclear industry, especially artificial xenon 135 has a tremendous impact on the operation of a nuclear reactor.


The chemical symbol for Osmium is Os.

Oxygen is a chemical element with atomic number 8 which means there are 8 protons and 8 electrons in the atomic structure. The chemical symbol for Radon is Rn. Titanium is a lustrous transition metal with a silver color, low density, and high strength. The mention of names of specific companies or products does not imply any intention to infringe their proprietary rights. Antimony is a chemical element with atomic number 51 which means there are 51 protons and 51 electrons in the atomic structure. Neutron number is rarely written explicitly in nuclide symbol notation, but appears as a subscript to the right of the element symbol. Titanium condenser tubes are usually the best technical choice, however titanium is very expensive material. Astatine is the rarest naturally occurring element on the Earth’s crust. The chemical symbol for Gold is Au. The difference between the neutron number and the atomic number is known as the neutron excess: D = N – Z = A – 2Z. Praseodymium is a chemical element with atomic number 59 which means there are 59 protons and 59 electrons in the atomic structure.

The chemical symbol for Tantalum is Ta.

The chemical symbol for Tellurium is Te. At 0.099%, phosphorus is the most abundant pnictogen in the Earth’s crust.

It is obtained chiefly from the mineral cassiterite, which contains tin dioxide. Antimony compounds have been known since ancient times and were powdered for use as medicine and cosmetics, often known by the Arabic name, kohl. The Commission last revised the standard atomic weight of arsenic in 2013 based on the latest Atomic Mass Evaluation by IUPAP. Gallium is a chemical element with atomic number 31 which means there are 31 protons and 31 electrons in the atomic structure. Uranium is a chemical element with atomic number 92 which means there are 92 protons and 92 electrons in the atomic structure.

Titanium can be used in surface condensers.

Its physical and chemical properties are most similar to its heavier homologues strontium and barium. The chemical symbol for Nitrogen is N. Nitrogen is a colourless, odourless unreactive gas that forms about 78% of the earth’s atmosphere. Arsenic - Mass Number - Neutron Number - As. Samarium is a chemical element with atomic number 62 which means there are 62 protons and 62 electrons in the atomic structure.

Iodine is the least abundant of the stable halogens, being the sixty-first most abundant element.

Its extreme rarity in the Earth’s crust, comparable to that of platinum. Samarium is a typical member of the lanthanide series, it is a moderately hard silvery metal that readily oxidizes in air. For 12C the atomic mass is exactly 12u, since the atomic mass unit is defined from it. The chemical symbol for Nobelium is No. The Commission last revised the standard atomic weight of arsenic in 2013 based on the latest Atomic Mass Evaluation by IUPAP. Copper is a chemical element with atomic number 29 which means there are 29 protons and 29 electrons in the atomic structure. Osmium is the densest naturally occurring element, with a density of 22.59 g/cm3.
Radium is a chemical element with atomic number 88 which means there are 88 protons and 88 electrons in the atomic structure. What is Conservation of Atomic Number, Neutron Number and Mass Number - Definition, Actinium - Mass Number - Neutron Number - Ac, Germanium – Mass Number – Neutron Number – Ge, Selenium – Mass Number – Neutron Number – Se. Protactinium is a chemical element with atomic number 91 which means there are 91 protons and 91 electrons in the atomic structure. For other isotopes, the isotopic mass usually differs and is usually within 0.1 u of the mass number. Terbium is a silvery-white, rare earth metal that is malleable, ductile, and soft enough to be cut with a knife. Francium is a highly radioactive metal that decays into astatine, radium, and radon. The chemical symbol for Neptunium is Np.

Thorium is a naturally-occurring element and it is estimated to be about three times more abundant than uranium.

Zirconium is widely used as a cladding for nuclear reactor fuels. In nuclear industry, especially natural and artificial samarium 149 has an important impact on the operation of a nuclear reactor. Its density is about 70% higher than that of lead, and slightly lower than that of gold or tungsten. The elemental metal is rarely found in nature, but once isolated artificially, the formation of an oxide layer (passivation) stabilizes the free metal somewhat against further oxidation. Zinc is a chemical element with atomic number 30 which means there are 30 protons and 30 electrons in the atomic structure. Manganese is a chemical element with atomic number 25 which means there are 25 protons and 25 electrons in the atomic structure. Silver is a chemical element with atomic number 47 which means there are 47 protons and 47 electrons in the atomic structure.

Indium is a post-transition metal that makes up 0.21 parts per million of the Earth’s crust. Zirconium is a lustrous, grey-white, strong transition metal that resembles hafnium and, to a lesser extent, titanium. Pure radium is silvery-white alkaline earth metal. The chemical symbol for Iodine is I. Iodine is the heaviest of the stable halogens, it exists as a lustrous, purple-black metallic solid at standard conditions that sublimes readily to form a violet gas. Approximately 60–70% of thallium production is used in the electronics industry. Elemental sulfur is a bright yellow crystalline solid at room temperature.

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