According to North Korean sources, Kim published some 890 works during a period of his career from June 1964 to June 1994. According to Kim Jong Il's official biography, he was born in a secret military camp on Baekdu Mountain during North Korea's Japanese occupation and … North Korea’s nuclear status remained an international issue. High-ranking North Korean official Kim Yong-nam said, "While we wanted to celebrate the 60th anniversary of the country with general secretary Kim Jong-Il, we celebrated on our own". During this time, he also accompanied his father on tours of field guidance in several of North Korea's provinces. Song Il-Ho, North Korea's ambassador said, "We see such reports as not only worthless, but rather as a conspiracy plot". This included the art of film and cinema. He also led efforts to expose dissidents and deviant policies to ensure strict enforcement of the party's ideological system.
Kim’s regime was widely seen as using it as a negotiating point to secure economic aid and to deter the escalation of tensions with South Korea, which were ongoing.

[58] In 2010, the North Korean media reported that Kim's distinctive clothing had set worldwide fashion trends. It produced works celebrating socialist values, Kim Il-Sung and his national policy of self-reliance (juche), and, later, Kim Jong Il himself and his “military first” (sŏngun chŏngch’i) policy. The most common colloquial title given to Kim was "Dear Leader" to distinguish him from his father Kim Il-sung, the "Great Leader". His official government biography claims Kim Jong Il completed his general education between September 1950 and August 1960 in Pyongyang, the current capital city of North Korea. By the 1980s, preparations were being made for Kim to succeed his father as the leader of North Korea. Kim Yo-jong is the youngest child of North Korea's second leader, Kim Jong-il, and his consort Ko Yong-hui, a Japanese Korean dancer. Along with … [12] According to one comrade of Kim's mother, Lee Min, word of Kim's birth first reached an army camp in Vyatskoye via radio and that both Kim and his mother did not return there until the following year. [95], Kim's three sons and his brother-in-law, along with O Kuk-ryol, an army general, had been noted as possible successors, but the North Korean government had for a time been wholly silent on this matter. In 1992, radio broadcasts started referring to him as the "Dear Father", instead of the "Dear Leader", suggesting a promotion. [94], According to The Daily Telegraph, Kim was a chain-smoker. [105] In May 2010, Assistant U.S. Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs Kurt Campbell told South Korean officials that Kim had only three years to live, according to medical information that had been compiled. His official biography claims that Kim Jong Il has composed six operas and enjoys staging elaborate musicals. Some mystery surrounds when and where Kim Jong Il was born. Kim announced plans to import and develop new technologies to develop North Korea's fledgling software industry. North Korea continually rejected the proposal. On 24 December 1991, Kim was also named Supreme Commander of the Korean People's Army. [84] The Dong-a Ilbo newspaper reported "a serious problem" with Kim's health. Kim commanded the armed forces, Choe Yong-rim headed the government and handled domestic affairs and Kim Yong-nam handled foreign relations. At this time Kim assumed the title "Dear Leader" (Korean: 친애하는 지도자; MR: ch'inaehanŭn jidoja),[26] the government began building a personality cult around him patterned after that of his father, the "Great Leader". [114] Kim is reported to have forced her husband to divorce her. Kim strengthened the role of the military by his Songun ("military-first") policies, making the army the central organizer of civil society. He entered the country via his personal train on 3 May and stayed in a hotel in Dalian. She is married to rapper Kanye West. [2][118], After Ko's death, Kim lived with Kim Ok, his third mistress, who had served as his personal secretary since the 1980s. A well-known film buff, Kim headed a movie studio before ascending to the country’s leadership. He is suspicious of nearly all of those who surround him and volatile in his emotions. During a rare visit in 2006, Kim expressed admiration for China's rapid economic progress. Learn about his ascension to power in 2011, his murderous acts against his own government officials and family members, his human rights violations, and his nuclear weapons program. In the report, it was said Kim cast his ballot at the Kim Il Sung University and later toured the facility and talked to a small group of people. The agreement allowed families from both countries to reunite and signaled a move toward increased trade and investment. [172] His first major literary work was On the Art of the Cinema in 1973. [85] On 19 December 2011, Roux confirmed that Kim suffered a debilitating stroke in 2008 and was treated by himself and other French doctors at Pyongyang's Red Cross Hospital. [74], A former CIA official said earlier reports of a health crisis were likely accurate. "[148], Kim's funeral took place on 28 December in Pyongyang, with a mourning period lasting until the following day. [81], On 19 October, North Korea reportedly ordered its diplomats to stay near their embassies to await "an important message", according to Japan's Yomiuri Shimbun, setting off renewed speculation about the health of the ailing leader. [132], Although Kim enjoyed many foreign forms of entertainment, according to former bodyguard Lee Young Kuk, he refused to consume any food or drink not produced in North Korea, with the exception of wine from France. [79], Japan's Kyodo News agency reported on 14 September, that "Kim collapsed on 14 August due to stroke or a cerebral hemorrhage, and that Beijing dispatched five military doctors at the request of Pyongyang. During his youth, Kim Jong Il showed an interest in a wide range of subjects including agriculture, music, and mechanics. Further, Kim Sung-ho, director of South Korea's National Intelligence Service, told lawmakers in a closed parliamentary session in Seoul that "Kim appeared to be recovering quickly enough to start performing his daily duties". However, I don't think he is totally incapable of making decisions". Many international experts believed that when Kim died, there would be mayhem because there seemed to be no apparent method for a transfer of power. Presumably born in North Korea, Kim is the son of Ko Young-hee, an opera singer, and Kim Jong-il, the dictatorial leader of the country until his death in 2011… Official accounts of his early schooling also point out his leadership capabilities: as vice chairman of his school's DYL branch, he encouraged younger classmates to pursue greater ideological education and organized academic competitions and seminars as well as field trips. This was the first time Kim was seen in public since August 2008. [53], In 1994, North Korea and the United States signed an Agreed Framework which was designed to freeze and eventually dismantle the North's nuclear weapons program in exchange for aid in producing two power-generating nuclear reactors and the assurance that it would not be invaded again. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. [80] Japan's Tokyo Shimbun on 15 September, added that Kim was staying at the Bongwha State Guest House. South Korean President Kim Dae-Jung (left) with North Korean leader Kim Jong Il in P'yŏngyang, North Korea, on June 15, 2000, after concluding a three-day summit. [153], Kim received numerous titles during his rule. But scholars point out that the first few years of this period were during the Korean War and contend his early education took place in the People's Republic of China, where it was safer to live. In exchange, the United States would provide assistance in producing two power-generating nuclear reactors and supplying fuel oil and other economic aid.

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