Watch the video below and add the new information to your notes. Jones, Kelvyn The first number at the top of the malapportionment column indicates that, in the constituencies that were actually used for the 2010 general election, that bias component would have been worth 18 seats to Labour if it and the Conservatives had obtained equal vote shares at that election (and the number and geography of votes for the Liberal Democrats and other parties, along with the number of abstentions, had remained unchanged); in any of the five alternative schemes shown in the other columns that advantage had totally gone. One Good Thing: Neil Cicierega is the internet’s merriest prankster. But the new seats do not take them into account.

A further redistribution then produced new constituencies for the 1955 election, to which many MPs reacted negatively. One such district reportedly was so oddly shaped that a local newspaper said it looked like a salamander, and the name “gerrymander” was born. Other interested bodies and individuals suggested alternatives for – usually only one or a few – constituencies by both for the whole of Great Britain. Change ), You are commenting using your Facebook account. His new album delights. A congressional act passed in 1967 requires that representatives be elected from single-member districts, except when a state has a single representative, in which case one state-wide at-large election be held.

4 (Scotland’s average was 65,287, lower than England’s because a rule allowing Commissions to take account of special geographical considerations permitted them to create much smaller constituencies than the norm for the Highlands, the Western Isles and for Orkney and Shetland.). ��c55a�u��>��L,���� [�sR/NƷoN�˸j�.�rA� (For full details of all three attempts to promote malapportionment, see Rossiter et al. Turning to the geography component, at the actual 2010 election neither party was advantaged – suggesting that, as in the 1970s and 1980s, each had approximately the same share of effective votes. As the film explains, in about 80 percent of states, the state legislature creates the maps of voting districts in their state. Reference Johnston, McLean, Pattie and Rossiter2009). In effect, England was under-represented. Johnston, Ron

If each of the two parties has parts of the country where it dominates the voting pattern and so is almost certain – save a major shift in vote support – to win the vast majority of the seats there, then those two sets of bias should balance each other out. stream The billionaire Facebook founder is making the most expensive electoral play of his career. For further discussion of the possible impacts of the Scottish referendum outcome see Johnston et al. Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service. The administration’s $1.8 trillion offer is too much for Senate Republicans, not good enough for Pelosi and House Democrats.

In that table a positive number indicates bias towards Labour and a negative shows pro-Conservative bias. The Liberal Democrats and Conservatives, in that order, were the clear beneficiaries from the ‘gerrymandering by consultation’, Table 2 The Geography Bias Component in Three-party Bias Analyses of the Result of the 2010 General Election in Great Britain, and in Various Alternative Configurations of 584 Constituencies. They didn’t want their constituencies altered that frequently and the Conservative government amended the legislation in 1958 so that redistributions occurred only every 10–15 years.

But Slay the Dragon isn’t a glorified PowerPoint presentation about the history of voting. The Parliamentary Voting System and Constituencies Act, 2011, became law in February 2011 and the Commissions, having already done much preliminary work, formally started their first reviews under the new Rules for Redistribution in March: final sets of recommended constituencies had to be delivered to Parliament via the relevant Secretaries of State by October 2013. The new doc Slay the Dragon shows how to fight it. Wasted votes are those a party gets in constituencies where it loses, contributing nothing to its tally of seats; surplus votes are gained in constituencies that it wins, but are additional to those needed for victory – i.e. According to Labour’s Jonathan Ashworth, the new Lewisham constituencies will be based on an electoral register missing 20% of their voters, for example. Part of that pro-Labour bias – identifiable because the measure could be decomposed into various contributing factors – was due to malapportionment.

Creating constituencies with roughly similar sized populations is a laudable aim. North Yorkshire had eight constituencies, all of them with electorates within the new allowed size variation, but the decision to link some Harrogate and Leeds wards, plus similar West–North Yorkshire boundary crossings further south, meant that all but one of North Yorkshire’s eight seats were scheduled for changes – much to the consternation of their MPs who thought they would be unaffected. (If that doesn’t make sense, check out this helpful Vox video!).

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